LPS from E. coli EH100 (Ra) TLRpure Sterile Solution

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli strain EH100 (Ra), R-type (rough/mutant) LPS

Optimal concentration is dependent upon cell type, species, desired activation and analysis: 0.05-1.0µg/ml. Does not activate any TLR other than TLR4 as tested up to 50µg/ml in relevant cellular systems (macrophages).

1mg/ml stabilised in sterile, double-distilled water (ddWater), without any additives.

32160000

liquid

Liquid. Colourless clear aqueous solution.

GHS07

Do not freeze.To yield a 100µg/ml (1,000-100x) stock solution add 100µl of LPS to 900µl endotoxin-free and sterile ddWater (Cat. No.: IAX-900-002) or 0.9% NaCl Solution (Cat. No.: IAX-900-003) and mix well.Prepare diluted LPS working solutions just prior to use, keep sterile. Ready-made solution is cell culture-grade.

H302, H312, H332

Chemical. Isolated and purified from E. coli strain EH100. Activation of cells by LPS is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). For optimal interaction with LPS, TLR4 requires association with myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2). According to current consensus activation of TLR4 is preceded by the transfer of LPS to membrane-bound (m) or soluble (s) CD14 by LPS-binding protein (LBP). Re-form LPS and lipid A, but not S-form LPS, are capable of inducing TNF-alpha responses also in the absence of CD14. LPS, synthesized by most wild-type (WT) Gram-negative bacteria (S-form LPS), consists of three regions, the O-polysaccharide chain, which is made up of repeating oligosaccharide units, the core oligosaccharide and the lipid A, which harbors the endotoxic activity of the entire molecule. R-form LPS synthesized by the so-called rough (R) mutants of Gram-negative bacteria lacks the O-specific chain. Furthermore, the core-oligosaccharide may be present in different degrees of completion, depending on the class (Ra to Re) to which the mutant belongs. LPS are amphipathic molecules whose hydrophobicity decreases with increasing length of the sugar part. Based upon these differences, S- and R-form LPS show marked differences in the kinetics of their blood clearance and cellular uptake as well as in the ability to induce oxidative burst in human granulocytes and to activate the host complement system.

TLRpure™: • Qualified Purity & Activity • High potency TLR4-specific Ligands • Ultrapure (no detectable protein, RNA and DNA) • Tested on TLR4 KO murine macrophages • Standardised Aqueous Sterile Solutions • No purification or hazardous solubilisation • Excellent lot-to-lot consistency

Glass Vial

P261, P301, P312, P302, P352, P304, P340

Activation of cells by LPS is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). For optimal interaction with LPS, TLR4 requires association with myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2). According to current consensus activation of TLR4 is preceded by the transfer of LPS to membrane-bound (m) or soluble (s) CD14 by LPS-binding protein (LBP). Re-form LPS and lipid A, but not S-form LPS, are capable of inducing TNF-alpha responses also in the absence of CD14. LPS, synthesized by most wild-type (WT) Gram-negative bacteria (S-form LPS), consists of three regions, the O-polysaccharide chain, which is made up of repeating oligosaccharide units, the core oligosaccharide and the lipid A, which harbors the endotoxic activity of the entire molecule. R-form LPS synthesized by the so-called rough (R) mutants of Gram-negative bacteria lacks the O-specific chain. Furthermore, the core-oligosaccharide may be present in different degrees of completion, depending on the class (Ra to Re) to which the mutant belongs. LPS are amphipathic molecules whose hydrophobicity decreases with increasing length of the sugar part. Based upon these differences, S- and R-form LPS show marked differences in the kinetics of their blood clearance and cellular uptake as well as in the ability to induce oxidative burst in human granulocytes and to activate the host complement system.

>99.9%. No detectable DNA, RNA and protein traces.

Warning

Isolated and purified from E. coli strain EH100.

Non-hazardous

Lipopolysaccharides

12352200

Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at +4°C.